BNS Section 137 - Criminal Mafias

Whoever is a member of, or participates in, any criminal mafia, or supports or promotes mafia activities.

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Non-bailable, Cognizable

Official Text

Whoever is a member of, or participates in, any criminal mafia, or supports or promotes mafia activities.

Legal Analysis

Elements to Prove:

  • Membership in criminal mafia.
  • Participation in mafia activities.
  • Knowledge of mafia nature.
  • Intent to support or promote.

Potential Defenses:

  • No mafia membership.
  • Legitimate activities.
  • Authorized participation.

Practical Examples

What Constitutes the Offense:

Joining criminal mafias, participating in mafia operations, supporting mafia activities.

What Doesn't Constitute:

Legitimate mafias, lawful organizations, or authorized activities.

Punishment

Imprisonment up to 12 years, and Fine