BNS Section 139 - Criminal Cells

Whoever is a member of, or participates in, any criminal cell, or supports or promotes cell activities.

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Non-bailable, Cognizable

Official Text

Whoever is a member of, or participates in, any criminal cell, or supports or promotes cell activities.

Legal Analysis

Elements to Prove:

  • Membership in criminal cell.
  • Participation in cell activities.
  • Knowledge of cell nature.
  • Intent to support or promote.

Potential Defenses:

  • No cell membership.
  • Legitimate activities.
  • Authorized participation.

Practical Examples

What Constitutes the Offense:

Joining criminal cells, participating in cell operations, supporting cell activities.

What Doesn't Constitute:

Legitimate cells, lawful organizations, or authorized activities.

Punishment

Imprisonment up to 8 years, and Fine